Vietnam (Vietnamese: Việt Nam, Socialist Republic of Vietnam) is a vibrant country with a rich history and culture dating back to ancient times. But it’s famous for more than just that. Stunning landscapes, wonderful climate, and luxurious beaches all attract tourists from around the world.
Not long ago, under the initiative of the Communist Party, Vietnam was closed off from the world. This isolation lasted for decades, making the country one of the poorest in the world, with per capita income not exceeding $300 per year.
Today, the country is changing, with capitalism gradually replacing communism. After the collapse of the USSR and the loss of its main trading partner, Vietnam had to establish new connections. The people’s attitude toward foreigners has also changed. Vietnamese people now warmly welcome visitors, take pride in their homeland, and are filled with optimism.
Every year, Vietnam attracts a huge number of tourists. This attention is due to its national characteristics, rapidly growing service standards, and relatively low prices. The bustling capital, Hanoi—a city of contrasts—surprises travelers with its unique Asian charm.
The country occupies the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula, stretching along the South China Sea coast for over 3,200 km. Northern Vietnam borders China, while its western neighbors are Laos and Cambodia. Vietnam also includes several islands.
Much of the country’s terrain is mountainous, divided by major rivers such as the Red River, Mekong, and Bassac. Fansipan Mountain is the highest peak in the country (over 3,000 m). Vietnam covers an area of approximately 300,000 square kilometers.
Vietnamese ethnic groups originated from tribes in China, Cambodia, and Laos, resulting in a blend of diverse cultures and traditions. Over the centuries, powerful civilizations rose and fell on these lands, constantly defending against invasions from strong neighbors like China and Mongolia.
The late 19th century brought a series of unfortunate events for Vietnam. First, it fell under French rule, then was occupied by the Japanese. After World War II, the country was divided between France and the US.
From 1964 to 1975, a war for independence raged, involving forces from both the Soviet Union and the US. The bloody conflict ended with the creation of a unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam. In 1992, reforms began, leading to liberalization and democratization.
Today, Vietnam is rapidly developing its economy, science, and various industries. Tourism is also growing significantly.
Vietnam is a small country with great economic potential. Agriculture and raw material industries play a major role in its economy.
Many industrial enterprises were built with Soviet assistance, producing electricity, machinery, and coal. In southern regions, factories were established with foreign investment, assembling electronics, motorcycles, and bicycles.
Vietnam is rich in natural resources: oil, coal, manganese, phosphates, chromites, and bauxite. Oil and coal exports (to the US and Japan) are major sources of foreign currency.
Agriculture employs 75% of the workforce, with rice being the primary crop (80% of all cultivated land). Corn, sugarcane, fruits, coffee, and tea are also grown. Some regions harvest two to three crops per year.
Vietnam’s agricultural sector is thriving, and its industrial production now rivals some European countries. The most economically developed areas are near the Red River and Mekong deltas. Major seaports are located in Ho Chi Minh City, Hai Phong, Cam Pha, Hon Gai, and Da Nang. Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City have international airports.
Due to its elongated shape, Vietnam spans multiple climate zones. Most of the country lies 500 meters above sea level, featuring a subtropical climate, while areas at 2,000 meters have a temperate climate.
Northern Vietnam has a subtropical monsoon climate with distinct seasons. Winter (November–February) temperatures can drop to +8°C, while summer (May–October) brings heat above 40°C with high humidity.
Central Vietnam has milder winters (up to +20°C). Spring and summer are relatively dry, while autumn brings heavy rains and occasional typhoons.
Southern Vietnam has a tropical climate, with temperatures ranging from 24–30°C year-round. The wet season (May–November) brings high humidity (over 80%), while the dry season (December–April) is ideal for tourism.
Vietnam is divided into 59 provinces and four centrally governed cities (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hai Phong, Da Nang). While the northeast has strong economic growth, southern cities and resorts attract more tourists.
Major cities include Ho Chi Minh City (7.5 million), Hanoi (6.5 million), Hai Phong (1.8 million), and Da Nang (900,000). Vietnam is famous for its beach resorts, diving, fishing, and excursions.
Hanoi is the political, economic, and cultural center, stretching 20 km along the Red River. It includes urban (9) and rural (18) districts, as well as suburbs like Hadong and Sontay.
Founded by French colonizers in 1874 as Saigon, it was renamed in 1975. Today, it’s the largest metropolis and economic hub, accounting for 40% of Vietnam’s exports.
Ho Chi Minh City has no beaches, so locals often visit Vung Tau—the nearest seaside resort.
Once a fishing village, it’s now Vietnam’s beach capital with pristine shores, healing mud springs, and calm waters. Around 200,000 residents work in tourism.
A port city known for its beaches, including the famous China Beach, and Cham cultural relics. It blends urban development with coastal relaxation.
Once a bustling trading port, it’s now a top resort with modern amenities and Vietnam’s best beach—Cua Dai.
Vietnam’s largest island offers tranquility and untouched nature, with 85,000 residents working in tourism or agriculture.
Located 220 km from Ho Chi Minh City, Phan Thiet features 15 km of sandy beaches. Mui Ne, nearby, is popular among Russian-speaking tourists.
Vietnam also has mountain resorts with mineral springs and healing mud for wellness tourism.
Vietnamese culture has been shaped by Chinese and Indian influences but retains its unique identity. Traditional silk painting, religious sculpture, ceramics, and lacquer miniatures are notable art forms.
With a rich history from ancient folklore to modern works, notable writers include Nguyen Trai, Nguyen Binh Khiem, and Nguyen Du.
Vietnamese homes are built directly on the ground using bamboo or brick. A central house is surrounded by outbuildings, creating a cozy courtyard. Ancestor altars are common, and furniture is minimal—wooden chests, simple beds, and woven mats for dining.
Traditional attire includes loose blouses, wide pants, and conical palm hats—now a national symbol. Women wear tunics with side slits and standing collars.
Vietnam’s landmarks range from stunning coastal landscapes to ancient pagodas and palaces.
A UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New7Wonders of Nature, Halong Bay is famous for its emerald waters and limestone islands.
A 200-km underground network used by Viet Cong guerrillas during the Vietnam War.
Located in Hue, this imperial citadel was reserved for royalty and servants.
A mosaic-covered pagoda near Da Lat, decorated with broken pottery shards.
An imperial complex dating back to the 11th century, now a UNESCO site.
The resting place of Vietnam’s first president, surrounded by a beautiful park.
Vietnam’s tallest pagoda (7 stories), symbolizing Buddha’s enlightenment.
Shaped like a sunken ship, this Nha Trang attraction is covered in shells and corals.
Ancient Hindu temples (over 1,000 years old) with panoramic views of Nha Trang.
A lotus-shaped Hanoi pagoda, originally built in 1049.
An elaborate Hue tomb complex with temples, pavilions, and lotus lakes.
Vietnam’s first university (1076), dedicated to Confucius.
The world’s longest sea-crossing cable car (Hon Tre Island).
Near Nha Trang, this island offers fun encounters with playful primates.
A surreal tree-shaped guesthouse with hanging gardens and whimsical sculptures.
Beyond beaches and history, Vietnam offers:
Other activities include elephant rides, snake restaurants, and crocodile farms.
Vietnamese cuisine is a paradise for foodies, emphasizing fresh ingredients, rice, and flavorful sauces.
Adventurous eaters can try silkworm pupae, scorpions, or land snails—considered rare delicacies.
Russians and Belarusians can visit visa-free for up to 15 days. Ukrainians need a visa, obtainable at embassies or airports with an approval letter.
Phu Quoc Island allows 30-day visa-free stays.
Domestic flights are affordable. Trains are cheaper but slow (e.g., Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City takes 30 hours). Buses are budget-friendly with sleeper options.
Urban transport includes buses, taxis, cyclos (pedicabs), and motorbikes (rental requires no license but isn’t recommended in big cities).
Renting a car isn’t advisable due to chaotic traffic. Opt for a car with a driver instead.
Mobile coverage is extensive and cheap. Local SIM cards are better than roaming. Free Wi-Fi is widely available in tourist areas.
The Vietnamese dong (VND) is the official currency. USD and EUR are widely accepted. Exchange offices offer uniform rates.
Vietnamese people are friendly, polite, and always smiling. Vietnam itself is uniquely beautiful—worth visiting to experience firsthand.
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